Tungsten mine to be revived in challenge to China

An English mine last used when the nation was making armaments to defeat Hitler's forces will be revived to challenge China's grip on tungsten, one of the strategic metals at the heart of a deepening trade dispute with Europe and the United States.

Wolf Minerals Ltd. is developing a tungsten mine in Devon, in southwest England, 70 years after it was last extracted there. The Hemerdon site is the world's fourth-largest deposit and can produce about 3.5 percent of global demand for the metal, used to harden steel in ballistic missiles and in drill bits. China provides about 85 percent of worldwide supplies.

Tungsten was one of the metals cited when President Obama filed a complaint with the World Trade Organization on March 13 against Chinese supply curbs. Tungsten is a critical raw material, according to the European Union, and the British Geological Survey places it at the top of its supply-risk list of materials needed to maintain the United Kingdom's economy and lifestyle.

"A big element of what we are doing is providing a strategic supply to companies outside of China," Wolf Managing Director Humphrey Hale said in an interview in London. "We're answering a requirement from the market, which is strategic supply, and prices are at a position where we can make money from that."

Wolf is backed by Resource Capital Funds, which holds a 17 percent stake, and Traxys SA, with 9.6 percent. Resource Capital is the largest shareholder in Molycorp, owner of the biggest U.S. rare-earth deposit. Traxys, the Luxembourg metals trader, also owns a stake in Molycorp.

China has imposed export restraints on raw materials including rare earths, tungsten and molybdenum, causing worldwide supplies to plummet, sending prices higher and threatening strategic stockpiles. China is the largest supplier of 28 of the 52 elements on the Geological Survey's risk list.

Rare earths became a political and legislative flash point in July 2010 when China moved to limit domestic output and slash export quotas by 40 percent, souring ties with the United States and Japan, where buyers cut use after prices soared in the first half of 2011. China said on Dec. 28 it was leaving overseas sales caps for 2012 virtually unchanged.

Tungsten prices will probably stay at more than $40,000 per metric ton this year because of China's curbs, Malaga, a producer of the metal in Peru, said in January. The price of ammonium paratungstate, the traded form of the metal, increased 32 percent in 2011 to end the year at more than $440 per metric ton, according to European price data from Metal Bulletin. The material traded at less than $65 in 2003.

"Investors should really look at Tungsten," John Meyer, an analyst at Fairfax IS PLC, said in an interview on Bloomberg Television March 28. "Demand is so far ahead of supply, I think it's the key commodity, a strategic commodity."

Wolf's mine will produce 3,500 tons of tungsten and 450 tons of tin a year, starting in 2015. It will cost about $190 million to build.

The Devon mine, which provided material used in both World Wars, was closed in 1944 as access to overseas supplies resumed. Wolf isn't the first company to attempt to revive it.

Amax started efforts to develop the mine in the 1970s and was granted approval for the project by Devon's local government in 1986. Amax withdrew from the project in 1993 because of falling commodity prices.

Chinese Tungsten Production Influences National Defense

China is a big country of producing tungsten.Tungsten reserve in China accounted for about 70 percent of the world's total reserves of tungsten.The output of tungsten in China accounts for 80% of the world's total output.

Tungsten  is a kind of rare metal with highest melting point and density.The hardness of tungsten is after diamond. It is known as "industrial teeth" and"industrial salt".Nowadays, tungsten is widely used in national defense industry, aerospace,machinery manufacturing, oil drilling, special steel, new material, etc.Aviation jet engines,rockets,missiles, satellites and many parts are made of tungsten alloy.As important strategic resource, tungsten industry has a close relationship with national economy and  national defense. 

 

The Characteristic and Development of Seismic-resistant Tungsten

 

Foreign and domestic  research results show that all seismic tungsten are doped tungsten-based added small amount of Co or a small amount of Re and other elements to get a better high-temperature ductility, and enhance the seismic performance of a tungsten filament. Therefore, the Research of  tungsten wire must  focus on the subject control to achieve synchronization, enhance tungsten's high-temperature strength, creep resistance and high temperature recrystallization to obtain better Seismic performance of the tungsten wire; on the other hand, on the basis of high-quality doped tungsten compound to add solid solution strengthening effect of cobalt or rhenium in order to improve room temperature ductility after recrystallization.

The commerce Deparment Says that the Target of Chinese Rare Earth Policy Is Legitimate

On March 13, U.S. President Barack Obama announced plans to export management measures for the three products of the Chinese Rare Earth and other proceedings regarding the Commerce Department to respond, saying that China has received the United States, European Union, Japan, in WTO disputethe request for consultations to resolve the mechanism of rare earth, tungsten, molybdenum export management measures, and stressed that the legitimate goal of the Chinese policy. China policy goal is to achieve sustainable development, in order to protect the resources and the environment, and have no intention to protect domestic industries through trade-distorting.

At present, the Commerce Department said, China has received the request for consultations, the United States, European Union, Japan under the WTO dispute settlement mechanism of rare earth, tungsten, molybdenum export management measures. Li Chenggang the same time, stressed that China previously has maintained in respect of raw materials exports policy and the parties of communication and contact, while the Chinese policy objective is to achieve sustainable development, in order to protect the resources and the environment, and have no intention to protect domestic industries through trade-distorting.

Israel Shows Two New Ammunition for T-90 Tanks in India

In 2012 India International Defense Exhibition, Israel revealed two new 125 mm tank shells, namely the multi-purpose M710 tracer grenades (HE-MP-T) and MK-2 tracer APFSDS (OF APFSDS-T), R & Dproviders Israel Military Industries Ltd. These two types of shells to enhance the operational viability of the Indian Army main battle tanks.

M710 can be used to as a typical asymmetric warfare and urban combat environment, 125 mm tank gun fired multipurpose tracer grenades, designed for T-90 T-80 and T-72 main battle tanks, the Israeli militarythe industry's latest multi-purpose tank shells. M710 electronic fuze system, there are three different modes of action: delay detonation (PDD), touched deep-fried (PD) and air-burst (AB). Target information provided by the tank fire control system, fire control system can be programmed via a wireless data link electronic fuzes when tank shells in the gun bore.

Israel Military Industries, R & D, another known as the 125 mm tank shells MK-2 tracer APFSDS tungsten alloy penetrator, second-generation high-speed kinetic energy penetrators. When using the 125 mm tank gun fired, MK-2 penetrators improved accuracy, within the scope of the full range of reducing the wear and tear on the barrel and enhances the penetration of armored targets.

 

Tungsten Alloy Cubes for Military

 Since at least World War II, tungsten alloys have proven their worth in ordnance  applications.Tungsten alloy cube has excellent resistance to radiation, electric conductivity and high density (16-18.5 g/cm3), good mechanical strength and corrosion resistance. It has the expansion and increase the elastic modulus coefficient function. Tungsten alloy cube is widely used in military equipment, machinery manufacturing, aircraft parts, medical shield and sports equipment. 

 

Complaints on Rare Earth Export Restriction in China

Recently, the US,the UN and Japan requested consultations with China on the measures that it has in place related to restrictions on the export of rare earths, tungsten and molybdenum.The requests made reference to numerous Harmonized System (HS) codes (used for classifying products, materials and services for international import and export) for specific rare-earth, molybdenum and tungsten products and compounds. In the case of rare earths, forms referenced in the documents include (but are not limited to):

• Rare-earth ores;
• Thorium ores and concentrates (presumably by virtue of their rare-earth content?);
• Individual rare-earth metals, including so-called “battery-grade” rare-earth metals;
• Individual and mixed rare-earth oxides, carbonates, chlorides, fluorides and other compounds (including cerium hydroxide & cerium cyanide);
• Rare-earth-containing phosphorescent powders;
• Rare-earth-containing ferroalloys; and
• A variety of rare-earth-containing magnetic powders and alloys.

Yttrium and scandium are included in the HS code classifications for rare earths, alongside the lanthanides.

Rare Earth Saga: China VS the Rest of the World

In continuation of the China vs. the-rest-of-the-world rare earth saga, the US, EU and Japan recently filed separate but coordinated complaints with the World Trade Organization (WTO) on the grounds that China was fortifying its stocks of those rare earth metals that were critical for the manufacture of technology products such as mobile phones, camera lenses, hybrid cars and weapons. The complaint also includes non-rare earth metals tungsten and molybdenum.

While announcing the move, President Barack Obama said, “We’ve got to take control of our energy future and we cannot let that energy industry take root in some other country because they were allowed to break the rules.”

US administration officials have been complaining that while China has access to large stocks at cheaper rates, the US is being forced to manage with small stocks at high prices. US officials claim that WTO forbids such unfair trade practices and since China is a member of the WTO, it must function within the WTO rules and regulations. In the absence of a resolution being found within 60 days, the dispute may be placed before a WTO panel for a ruling. Sanctions against China are a possible outcome of the process.

In spite of China’s repeated claims that restrictions on its export quotas since 2009 have been driven by environmental concerns and the need to conserve scarce resources, nobody has really been buying that argument. Chinese foreign ministry spokesman, Liu Weimin said at a briefing, “We think the policy is in line with WTO rules.”

Swiss Metal Assets Now Offering Basket of Strategic Metals Critical to National Defense

Swiss Metal Assets facilitates, for both Individuals and Institutions, the conversion from a devaluing currency into the physical ownership of high demand 'Strategic and Precious Metals', in allocated and segregated accounts. Swiss Metal Assets also is able to exchange the metals into any currency upon liquidation.

The military is critically dependent on technology metals for secure communications, weapons guidance, surveillance, drones and other battlefield technology. The military however, instead of catalyzing the supply and taking a priority position, is now simply another customer waiting in line. There have been multiple studies done by both the US Department of Energy and the BGS (British Geological Survey) showing how critical the supplies of the rare industrial metals have become.

Recognizing this, Swiss Metal Assets is pleased to announce the addition of the highly coveted "DEFENSE" Basket of 5 Strategic Defense Metals to the SMA Metals Platform.

This basket of rare industrial metals contains:

Rhenium, used in stealth aircraft, jet engine parts and missile propulsion.
Tantalum, used in chip capacitors for weapon systems.
Indium, used in laser tracking, night vision, high speed imaging and target recognition.
Gallium, used in military and aerospace communications.
Tungsten, used in kinetic energy projectiles, penetrating armaments and armor.

The British Geological Survey has given Tungsten a score of 8.5 out of 10 on its critical scale, 10 being the highest. Rhenium and Indium both scored a 6.5 out of 10 on the critical scale. Tantalum scored a 6.0 out of 10 on the critical scale and Gallium scored a 4.5 out of 10 on the critical scale.

Parties seeking to hedge their currency exposure or supercharge their IRA through SMA's Metals Platform will receive an Introductory Price PLUS 5 Years Free Storage at the duty & tax free "Entrepot" in Switzerland for a limited time on the Defense Basket. 

Military Tungsten Carbide

Tungsten carbide is often used in armor-piercing ammunition, especially where depleted uranium is not available or is politically unacceptable. W₂C projectiles were first used by German Luftwaffe tank-hunter squadrons in World War II. Owing to the limited German reserves of tungsten, W₂C material was reserved for making machine tools and small numbers of projectiles. It is an effective penetrator due to its combination of great hardness and very high density.

Tungsten carbide ammunition can be of the sabot type (a large arrow surrounded by a discarding push cylinder) or a subcaliber ammunition, where copper or other relatively soft material is used to encase the hard penetrating core, the two parts being separated only on impact. The latter is more common in small-caliber arms, while sabots are usually reserved for artillery use.

ACN Bracken International Mining (FRA:1BM) Diversifies into Tungsten

Bracken International Mining (FRA:1BM) Diversifies into Tungsten

(ACN) - Queensland-based manganese developer Bracken International Mining (FRA:1BM) will migrate onto the open market board of the Frankfurt Stock Exchange next month. The move confirms the company's intention to be exporting manganese ore from its West Timor assets by the 4th quarter of 2012.

BIM has six mine licenses in West Timor, Indonesia, with combined reserves of more than 300 million tonnes. The company has all mining approvals and full Government and community support.

In addition BIM has signed a 150 million stock placement with private Australian resource company, In Minerals. The deal will see BIM receive A$17 million in cash and mining equipment as well as take over In Minerals' tungsten ore mining rights in Queensland. The project has historical indications of an inferred resource in excess of 1 billion tones with a full geological survey to take place from June 2012.

Tungsten is an extremely hard and useful alloy, and has numerous applications including in incandescent light bulb filaments, X-ray tubes, and super alloys. Tungsten's hardness and high density give it military applications in penetrating projectiles.

BIM Executive Chairman Luke Bracken said BIM's migration to the open market was the next step towards production.

"I am very excited, we are making progress and moving upwards and onwards to become an efficient market supplier of high-grade manganese ore," Mr Bracken said.

"I am ecstatic at completing the deal with In Minerals ahead of schedule to diversify Bracken International Mining beyond Indonesia and beyond Manganese."

Background: BIM's 8,208.6 hectare West Timor manganese project is conveniently located just 35km from Kupang's main export loading port and is strategically located to take full advantage of China's growing demand for steel, of which manganese is an essential component.

Tests have confirmed the average manganese content is between 50% and 68%.

BIM also has a licence to build a refinement smelter, which will produce silicon and ferrous manganese end use products.

The West Timor mines have been producing ore in a limited capacity since early 2010, with trial exports of manganese shipped to customers in China. BIM anticipates production of 250MT per month.
Source:
ABN http://www.abnnewswire.net

 

Tungsten& Hand Grenade

   An interesting property of hand grenades is that they have no muzzle flash or retort and their trajectory is difficult to determine. This is particularly useful during night combat or any situation were visibility is limited.
   During World War One German Stormtroopers realised that enemy trenches were best attacked using just bayonets and grenades. During the approach firearms would often be carried unloaded to prevent accidental discharges or nervous Soldiers being spooked into losing fire-discipline. The absence of gunfire meant that neighbouring units or even those being attacked would assume that explosions were mortar or artillery fire. Often troops would take shelter rather than manning defensive positions. Not using firearms also reduced the risk of fratricide. Anyone who did fire could be assumed to be an enemy. In more open terrain the detonation of a grenade might be assumed to be a mine or booby trap.

 

If you are interested in grenade and want to know more details about tungsten alloy. Please go to http://www.tungsten-alloy.com    

The Future of Military Armour-plating?

Following is a piece of news:

Developed by UK firm amsafe, Tarian cloth is capable of repelling armor-piercing anti-tank warheads by creating a ‘cushion’ between the vehicle’s exterior and typical armor plating, thereby triggering the explosive early and dispersing the force of the blast across the existing armor.

Traditional slat or metal-bar protection has a similar effect and through it is relatively light in comparison to the primary armor-plating of a vehicle, still has a detrimental effect on mobility and load-capacity. Being 50% lighter than aluminum cage armor and 85% lighter than steel cage options, Tarian (Welsh for "shield") reduces the chance of overloading the vehicle and means that more equipment can be carried and further precautions taken to ensure the safety of the passengers.

If you are interested in armor plating and want to know more detais of tungsten alloy, please go to http://www.tungsten-alloy.com. 

Tungsten alloy-armor plating

Recently, a idea came up with me when i read a piece of news.

The ships require protection, and a smart engineer knows where and how place armor 

plating. We start by dividing the weapons into 3 types: Plasmatic , ballistic, Photonic (You could add more or change them, it doesn't matter). Now we add some new blocks such as thermal steel plating or titanium plating with different resistance stats for each type of weapons.

When a weapon hits the plating and the weapon is not powerful enough to break through, it absorbs the damage, preventing the weapon from breaking blocks. but looses some of it's armor points (Lets say a plasma charge with 10 DMG hits a thermal steel block with 15 AP against Plasma. Weapon is fully absorbed and the AP is now -75% from the DMG or 7.5 now. You can also add another stat - Durability which decides this % ).

When a weapon hits the plating and the weapon is powerful enough to break through, the block breaks apart. but the weapon looses it's DMG so the blocks behind may survive (Lets say a plasma charge with 15 DMG hits a thermal steel block with 10 AP against Plasma. The weapon destroys the block but it's DMG now is DMG-AP or 5 ).

If you want to know more details of tungsten armor plating, please go to http://www.tungsten-alloy.com

Tungsten Guide Rod & Military

GLOCK Inc.announce that it is voluntarily exchanging  the recoil spring assembly (RSA) on its new Gen4 pistols shipped since August, 2009, to ensure each pistol’s performance meets the company’s demanding standards.  With several variations of the RSA in the market today, GLOCK’s goal with this voluntary exchange is to standardize the RSA to gain the best possible performance in each pistol.

GLOCK’s product development team has modified various elements of the RSA.  The new RSA compensates for all design modifications made to the Gen4 and allows the pistols to function up to GLOCK’s rigid quality standards and reliability goals.

Consumers should note that Gen4 G26 and G27 models will not require a modified recoil spring.

The replacement of the Gen4 pistol RSA can be performed as part of the regular field-strip process; consumers do not need to take the Gen4 pistol to an armorer.

If you want to know more details, please go to http://www.tungsten-alloy.com. 

The Metallurgical Achilles' Heel of the United States

“The United States has consistently maintained that a strong domestic minerals and metals industry is an essential contributor to the nation's economic and security interests…The United States has a fundamental interest in maintaining a competitive minerals and metals sector that will continue to contribute significantly to the nation's economic strength and military security. The industry represents an $87 billion enterprise that employs over 500,000 US workers and provides the material foundation for US manufacturing.” The 1980 National Academy of Sciences executive summary of “Competitiveness of the U.S. Minerals and Metals Industry”

 If you want to know more details , please go to http://www.tungsten-alloy.com.

Report Shows Companies that Training Improves Profits

Improving employees’ skills will also improve the bottom line, workforce training experts say.

But how, actually, can that be measured?

In a report Tuesday, the nonprofit Job Opportunity Investment Networttried to do exactly that, going beyond back-of-the-envelope calculations to prove that the approach it advocates is effective.

JOIN director Jennie Sparandara said the point of the study was to show that multi-company industry-sector partnerships are a cost-effective investment of tax or foundation dollars benefiting businesses, employees, and society as a whole through increased tax revenue and decreased demand for public services, such as welfare.

The report, “ROI360: How Workforce Partnership Training Benefits Business, Workers & Community,” provides two case studies on Philadelphia businesses, one a manufacturer, the other, Liberty Resources Inc., a provider of health-care services.

If you want to know more details, please go to http://www.tungsten-alloy.com.    

Hand Grenade & Tungsten Alloy

    A Hand grenade is any small bomb that can be thrown by hand. Hand grenades are classified into three categories: explosive grenades, chemical grenades, and gas grenades.Explosive grenades are the most commonly used in modern warfare, and are designed to detonate after impact or after a set amount of time. Chemical and gas grenades are designed not to explode, but to burn or release a gas.Grenadiers were originally soldiers who specialized in throwing grenades.
    The word 'grenade' derives from the French word for a "small explosive shell." Its first usage in English dates from the 1590s. Likely derived from Old French pomegrenate(influenced by Spanish granada ), so called because the many-seeded fruit suggested the powder-filled, fragmenting bomb, or from similarity of shape.

    Tungsten alloy is widely used in the military field, such as hand grenade.If you want to know more details about tungsten alloy, please go to http://www.tungsten-alloy.com   

Tungsten& Military plane

    Recently, I read a piece of news as follows:
    Well, after the Air Force cancelled its award to Brazil-based Embraer for 20 Super Tucano light attack planes, the Pentagon has apparently told Brazilian officials that there will be another chance to supply the Pentagon with turboprop-driven attack aircraft.

    Late last month, the air force cancled a relatively small contract — $355 million —  with Embraer and Sierra Nevada Corporation for 20 Super Ts, after hinting that the service made some errors in the contracting process.
Remember, the Super T beat out Hawker Beechcraft’s AT-6 in the Air Force’s light attack contest that was aimed at helping build up the nascent Afghan air force.

    Tungsten alloy are widely in military plane. If you want to know more information about tungsten alloy for military use, please go to http://www.tungsten-alloy.com

UK Might Stick With the F-35C

    So remember a few weeks ago when news emerged that Britain was looking at backtracking on its plans to buy the F-35C carrier variant Joint Strike Fighter for its new carriers that are set to be equipped with new electromagnetic catapults and next generation arrestor gear? You know, the Royal Navy might go back to ordering the short take-off and vertical landing F-35B and build its carriers without cats and traps due in order to save money.

    Well, the U.S. Navy — who is spearheading development on the new catapults, known as EMALS for its Ford class aircraft carriers —  has assured London that it will cost way less than the Biritish bean counters think it will to equip the Royal Navy’s new carriers with cats and traps. The best part, if the effort to develop the EMALS falters, the U.S. will foot the bill, not the Brits. Let’s hope the system keep doing well.

     If you want to know more information, please go to http://www.tungsten-alloy.com

A Girl Snuck Into a Russian Military Rocket Factory

   Her name is Lana Sator and she snuck into one of NPO Energomash factories outside of Moscow. Her photos are amazing, like sets straight out of Star Wars or Alien. Now the Russian government is harassing her.

It was easy to get in. She just went there, jumped over the fence and got right into the heart of the complex through a series of tunnels and pipes, which was very surprising. After all, this is an active industrial installation that belongs to one of the top manufacturers of liquid-fuel rockets in the world. Their engines power the modern Soyuz, the Zenit 3SL, and the Angara and Baikal launch vehicles. Heck, their RD-180 engine powers the first stage of the Atlas V, an American rocket. More importantly, they have specially strong ties to the Russian military.

And yet, she found nobody. No guards, no security. Nothing. Just a few CCTV cameras here and there in rooms packed with huge machinery.

While some of these zones look decrepit and abandoned, the factory is active. In fact, the government is really pissed off about Lana's adventure. The authorities have sent her letters saying that her situation will get "much worse" if she keeps posting photos from the factory.

If you want to know more information about tungsten alloy for rocket use, please go to http://www.tungsten-alloy.com 

Tungsten-Brush Rifles & Rounds

     

For a brush rifle, I prefer the .25-06. Some may feel it is too powerful, and if you keep pelts, that is probably correct. South Texas fur is rarely worth keeping, and I want the animal dead on the spot. In heavy brush, an animal can be gone in 10 yards. Small caliber varmint rifles shooting frangible bullets do not reliably cause a blood trail. Three hunters and I once looked for a bobcat for nearly an hour in a patch of brush that you could throw a rock across. It was hit poorly with a .223 and left no blood trail. We finally found it, but it took a long time. The .25-06, loaded with 87-grain Sierra Spitzers, 87-grain Speer TNT hollow points, or 85-grain Nosler Ballistic Tips, is another excellent cartridge. Hit a coyote solidly with a .25-06, and it will be there when you go to pick it up.

Another good brush call is the .22-250, a great predator hunting round when loaded with 55-grain bullets like Ballistic Tips, Winchester Power Points, Hornady Spire Points and V-Maxes. Choose a bullet that will give plenty of penetration. I have seen several instances of bullet blow-ups that caused a long search for an animal that the hunter could have killed on the spot with a heavier, sturdier bullet. The .223 WSSM falls into this same category. It is a very fine round for coyote, every bit as good as the .22-250.

The .223 Remington and the .222 Remington are a bit small unless you use stout 55-grain bullets, preferably Nosler Ballistic Tips, for fast anchors in dense brush. I'm sure many will argue the opposite, but my brush philosophy is an instant kill with no travel. Heavier, faster cartridges do that best.

Nowadays, Tungsten alloy is  popularly used as the raw material of military products. Rifle is one of them. Compared to other material, Tungsten alloy is used as a non-toxic substitute. If you want to know more about tungsten alloy, please go to http://www.tungsten-alloy.com.

Rich Resource for Military Use in Antarctica

I have read a piece of  news about rich resources in  Antarctica, tungsten is one of them. 

Russia has devised a long-term strategy for the exploration of Antarctica. International exploration efforts in Antarctica, the Earth’s only continent not outlined by state borders, is regulated by the 1959 Antarctic Treaty. In view of the continent’s vast economic potential an ever more number of countries see their presence on the continent as essential both for research purposes and politically. Experts expect Russia’s new strategy to pave the way for the country regaining the lead in tapping the resources-rich continent.

Antarctica has no government and is considered politically neutral. Its status is regulated by the 1959 Antarctic Treaty which set aside Antarctica as a scientific preserve. Nevertheless, various countries claim sovereignty in certain regions of the Earth’s southernmost continent. Norway, Australia, Britain, Argentina, Chile, France, New Zealand and the United States have staked out claims to Antarctica and the adjacent islands, and China has been doing extensive research around the South Pole.

The attractiveness of the Antarctic continent is easily understood given that the Arctic seas and the continent’s bowels and shelf abound in biological and mineral resources. According to Russian scientists, certain areas in Eastern Antarctica are known to be rich in iron ore, coal, tungsten, manganese, copper, metal, titanium, apatite, lazurite, mica, boron, gold, silver, diamonds and platinum. Vast sedimentary basins on the Antarctic continental shelf and in the adjacent regions are known to contain up to 70 billion tons of hydrocarbons. However, the 1991 Protocol for the protection of the Antarctic ozone prohibits mineral mining in the region.

If you want to know more about tungsten, please go to http://www.tungsten-alloy.com. , 

Tungsten Alloy for Small Arms Ammunition

      Small arms ammunition will be available in its present form for the foreseeable future. Its function will continue to be to propel a projectile over a distance to strike a target. Variations in the material and design of this ammunition will be in response to the specific needs of the many groups of small arms users.

      The military will continue to develop ammunition which can penetrate and incapacitate a wide variety of targets ranging from humans to sophisticated electronic equipment. Currently, they are investigating "non-lethal" weapons and ammunition which will incapacitate a target without destroying it. Small arms weapons in this category include hand-held chemical lasers to knock out electronic sensors, and foam guns which shoot a sticky foam that envelops the target. These non-lethal devices would supplement, not replace, the conventional small arms weapons and ammunition.

         Police are also interested in non-lethal weapons and ammunition. Rubber bullets that impact without penetration are already in use for riot control. Another device is a shotgun which fires a small bean bag. When fired at a close range, the bean bag hits with the impact of a punch to momentarily incapacitate the target.

         Hunters will want ammunition which hits accurately and kills with a single shot. Much of the development of commercial small arms ammunition has been in this area, and has included many variations in powder loads and bullet configuration.

Target shooters will continue to develop ammunition which offers excellent accuracy and repeatability for competition shooting.

        Tungsten alloy is widely used in military field, It is one of the raw materials of ammunition. It has many special properties.  It has high density and high melting point ,which is fit for military use.Compared to other materials, Tungsten alloy is non-toxic and environmental friendly. With  high temperature resistance and low vapor pressure, it is also used in other field.

Read more: http://www. tungsten-alloy.com

      

Tungsten Alloy- Tungsten & Ammunition

      Small arms ammunition, or cartridges, are used in a variety of firearms ranging from pistols to rifles and shotguns to heavier automatic weapons sometimes called machine guns. The term "bullet" is commonly used to describe the cartridge, when in fact, it actually only refers to the projectile. The correct terminology for the cartridge components are bullet, case, primer, and propellant or gunpowder. Each component is manufactured separately and then assembled into the cartridge. Specifications for the size, shape, ignition type, and ballistic performance have been standardized for the majority of military and civilian ammunition, but there are many obsolete and one-of-a-kind "wildcat" cartridges still found. Small arms ammunition includes cartridges with a bullet diameter, or caliber, of up to 0.75 inch (.750 caliber). The bulk of the production is for cartridges with bullets of .45 caliber or smaller.

         Until the 19th century, the only way to load a weapon was to first pour the powder into the barrel, then place a greased cloth patch around a lead bullet and ram the bullet down the barrel to the powder with the ramrod. A flintlock produced a small spark, or a percussion cap produced a small explosive flash to ignite the powder which fired the patched bullet. This was a very slow process and often produced an inaccurate shot. After repeated firing, the barrel became fouled with powder residue to the point that loading became impossible.

       In the early 1800s, gun manufacturers realized that increased accuracy and rate of fire could only be achieved by redesigning the way the bullet, powder, and igniter were loaded into the weapon. The first successful new design was made in 1848 by Christian Sharps. His design utilized an opening, or breech, at the base of the barrel closest to the person firing the weapon. The breech could be manually closed to seal off the end. With Sharp's design, the bullet was loaded into the open breech, followed by a powder charge held in a paper bag. When the breech was closed, the bag was cut open. This exposed the powder which could then be ignited by the percussion cap.

        In 1852, a cartridge with a metal case was developed by Charles Lancaster of England. It held the powder inside the case with the bullet on one end. About the same time, another Englishman, Colonel Boxer, and an American, Hiram Berdan, also developed a metal case cartridge that incorporated an igniter, or primer, inserted into the center of the base of the case. The primer contained a small amount of impactsensitive explosive that could be set off when struck by a pin—known as the firing pin—that was part of the weapon. The concept of the center-fire metal case cartridge developed by Boxer and Berdan has survived to the present day and is the basis for modern small arms ammunition design.

       Tungsten alloy is one of the materials used to make ammunition because it  has a lot of advantages as follows:

-high density

-high melting point

-excellent hardness

-high ductility

-low vapor pressure

-high temperature resistance

     Nowadays, tungsten alloy are popular raw material material for military use. If you are interested in this material and want to know more details about it , please go to http://www.tungsten-alloy.com.

       

Tungsten Alloy-Tungsten & Depleted Uranium Penetrator

      The lifespan of an armor-penetrating bullet is very short, usually less than five seconds. The bullet leaves a 30 mm cannon GAU-8 Avenger with a velocity of 3,500 feet per second. At this speed the bullet reaches its destination in the blink of an eye. When it strikes a tank, the bullet's penetrator pierces the armor, leaving an aluminum jacket (also called casing) outside, and starts a fire from fuel and ammunition inside an armored vehicle. This is it, end of the story.
      Tungsten alloy is widely used in military defense, such as depleted  uranium penetrator , bullet, armor piercing, rifle bullet, snipe rifle penetrator etc. Tungsten alloy has many advantages as follows:
-high density
-high melting point
-small volume
-excellent hardness
-high ductility 
-high temperature resistance
If you are interested in tungsten alloy and want to know more details about this material. Please go to  http://www.tungsten-alloy.com

Tungsten Carbide Reinforced Blade -Tungsten & Military

Here’s something for anyone that has the slightest need for survival equipment. The Eclipse Signal Device is an inexpensive and inconspicuous tool that can be used as a reflective marker or ground signaling tool. Kit Up! readers will have little trouble intuiting how handy it could be.

Richard with 3 and 4 panel versions of the Eclipse.

The Eclipse (pat pending) is made by Spencer Reiter of SAR Global Tools (blog here, Facebook page here; the website is currently down for upgrade and because it pisses the owner off more often than not). Spencer’s shop is near Ft. Polk, in the wilds of Louisiana. Before getting into search and rescue, firefighting and making great tools he was an Airborne Ranger qualified infantry NCO whose last billet before leaving the service was the Battle NCO at JRTC.

He makes the Eclipse from 2 to 4 tags of stainless steel, like standard-issue dog tags. The front cover is non-reflective, mounted with a ¾” disk of SOLAS tape (pretty much the most reflective tape on earth). There are colored front reflective covers available by request, color making it easier for daytime visualization, but you sacrifice something for that advantage (the colored ones are Reflexite B92, a prismatic tape that unfortunately provides much less reflectivity than the SOLAS).
The second tag, for signaling, is polished to a mirrored surface. The third tag is a clip, something you hook to MOLLE, clip to a pocket or whatever. They can be placed as guides too: smoke-jumpers in Oregon have hooked them on 550-cord and hung them in trees to mark their camp in low vis.
As a signaling tool it’s been tested out several miles during daylight (once out past 10 miles off the coast of South Africa) and past 250 meters at night using a Surefire G2. Field evaluations (some in operational conditions) have been conducted by a wide variety of personnel. It’s being used now by

3 and 4 panel versions of the Eclipse.

members of the FBI, DEA, Border Patrol, Asymmetrical Warfare Group and several Boy Scout troops.
The latest iteration of the Eclipse has a fourth face. This one has a tungsten carbide reinforced blade the length its vertical axis down one edge and around the “top” relative to the hinge. There’s a small indent below the blade for thumb or finger pressure.
There is also an IR option for military and LE users. Spencer makes a version with glint tape on the front face, moving the SOLAS to the back clip. This is not available to everyone and must be requested.

There’s a pretty good video of Spencer demonstrating the Eclipse if you care to watch. He may be eerily reminiscent of that one bad guy from The Hills Have Eyes 2 but he’s a solid guy who knows his stuff and he makes a quality product. Contact him at sarglobaltool(at) gmail.com.

Read more:  http://www.tungsten-alloy.com/